AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
An analysis of the deformations of the ordinary historical buildings of St. Petersburg, accumulated over the past 150–200 years, is presented. An effective way to assess the accumulated unevenness of sediments and rolls of historical buildings is proposed, which makes it possible to obtain a reliable idea of the shape of the deformation of the building. On the example of a representative sample of buildings from two central parts of the city, it is shown which forms of deformations prevail in the historical center. It was revealed that in half of the cases deformations occur in the form of bending in the longitudinal direction and roll of the facade walls outward in the cross section, which is most dangerous for buildings. The dependences of the relative unevenness of the settlement of historical buildings on the ratios of their length and width to height are given. The reasons for the formation of a characteristic type of deformations in the form of a bend are noted. The results of the assessment of the accumulated relative unevenness of sediments that buildings received in the course of their existence made it possible to establish that the accumulated deformations are more than an order of magnitude higher than the maximum permissible values for similar structures of new construction. At the same time, the operational suitability of buildings is maintained, which indicates their durability under the condition of constant maintenance and regular repairs. It is proposed to take into account the accumulated unevenness of settlement when assessing the category of technical condition of historical buildings and monuments. On the basis of on the conducted research, proposals are made to clarify the requirements of the current norms regarding the appointment of maximum additional deformations of brick historical buildings and cultural heritage sites.
V.A. SHASHKIN, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Institute «Georeconstruction” (4, Izmaylovskiy pr., St. Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)
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2. Улицкий В.М., Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин К.Г. Совместные расчеты системы «основание – здание» // Труды конф. РОМГГиФ. М., 2007. Т. 2. С. 307–312.
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3. Улицкий В.М., Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин К.Г. Взаимодействие зданий и оснований. Геотехника, 2009. № 1. С. 6–19.
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4. Улицкий В.М., Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин К.Г., Шашкин В.А. Основы совместных расчетов зданий и оснований. СПб.: Геореконструкция. 2014. 328 с.
4. Ulitsky V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G., Shashkin V.A. Monitoring of buildings and structures during construction and operation [Fundamentals of joint calculations of buildings and grounds]. Saint Petersburg: Georeconstruktciya. 2014. 328 p.
5. Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин К.Г., Богов С.Г., Шашкин В.А., Шашкин М.А. Мониторинг зданий и сооружений при строительстве и эксплуатации. СПб.: Геореконструкция, 2021. 640 с.
5. Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G., Bogov S.G., Shashkin V.A., Shashkin M.A. Monitoring of buildings and structures during construction and operation. Saint Petersburg: Georeconstruction. 2021. 640 p.
6. Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин В.А. Регламентация градостроительной деятельности в Санкт-Петербурге в XVIII–XIX вв. и ее технические следствия // Жилищное строительство. 2023. № 9. С. 86–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2023-9-86-101
6. Shashkin A.G., Shashkin V.A. Reglamentation of urban planning activities in St. Petersburg in the 18th–19th centuries and its technical consequences. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2023. No. 9, pp. 86–101. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2023-9-86-101
7. Семенцов С.В. Формирование принципов сохранения архитектурно-градостроительного наследия Санкт-Петербурга на основе закономерностей трехвекового градостроительного развития // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Искусствоведение. 2013. Вып. 2. С. 190–211.
7. Sementsov S.V. Formation of principles of preservation of architectural and urban heritage of St. Petersburg on the basis of patterns of three-century urban development. Vestnik of St. Petersburg University. Art history. 2013. Iss. 2, pp. 190–211. (In Russian).
8. Семенцов С.В. Градостроительная составляющая жилой функции Санкт-Петербурга и санкт-петербургской агломерации 1703–2006 гг. // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. История. 2007. Вып. 3. С. 63–70.
8. Sementsov S.V. The town-planning component of the residential function of St. Petersburg and the St. Petersburg agglomeration of 1703–2006. Vestnik of St. Petersburg University. Story. 2007. Iss. 3, pp. 63–70. (In Russian).
9. Polshin D.E. and Tokar R.A. Maximum allowable non-uniform settlement of structures. Proceedings 4th Int. Conference On Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Butterworth’s scientific: London. UK. 1957. Vol. 1, pp. 402–404.
10. Burland J.B., Broms B.B., De Mello V.F.B. Behaviour of foundations and structures. Ninth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo. Japan. 1977, pp. 495–546.
11. Skempton A. W. and McDonald D.H. The allowable settlements of buildings. Proceedings Institution of Civil Engineers. 1956. Part III. Vol. 5 (No. 50), pp. 727–768.
12. Bjerrum L. Allowable settlement of structures. Proceedings European conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering. Wiesbaden. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erd-und Grundbau e. V. 1963. 15–18 October. Vol. 3, pp. 135–137.
13. Бургиньоли А., Ямиолковский М., Виджиани К. Применение геотехники как компонента междисциплинарного подхода для сохранения исторических городов и памятников // Развитие городов и геотехническое строительство. 2010. № 1. С. 1–45.
13. Bourguignoli A., Yamiolkovsky M., Vigiani K. Application of geotechnics as a component of an interdisciplinary approach for the preservation of historical cities and monuments. Razvitie gorodov i geotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo. 2010. No. 1, pp. 1–45. (In Russian).
14. Шашкин А.Г., Васенин В.А. Вековые осадки зданий Санкт-Петербурга. СПб.: Геореконструкция, 2022. 440 с.
14. Shashkin A.G., Vasenin V.A. Vekovye osadki zdanii Sankt-Peterburga [Age-old precipitation of buildings in St. Petersburg]. Saint Petersburg: Georeconstruktciya. 2022. 440 p.
15. Шарлыгина К.А. Опыт реконструкции исторических жилых зданий Санкт-Петербурга. СПб.: Петрополис, 2019. 136 с.
15. Sharlygina K.A. Opyt rekonstruktsii istoricheskikh zhidykh zdanii Sankt-Peterburga [Experience of reconstruction of historical residential buildings of St. Petersburg]. Saint Petersburg: Petropolis. 2019. 136 p.
2. Улицкий В.М., Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин К.Г. Совместные расчеты системы «основание – здание» // Труды конф. РОМГГиФ. М., 2007. Т. 2. С. 307–312.
2. Ulitsky V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G. Joint calculations of the «foundation – building» system. Proceedings of the conf. ROMGGiF. Moscow. 2007. Vol. 2, pp. 307–312.
3. Улицкий В.М., Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин К.Г. Взаимодействие зданий и оснований. Геотехника, 2009. № 1. С. 6–19.
3. Ulitsky V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G. Interaction of buildings and foundations. Geotechnica. 2009. No. 1, pp. 6–19. (In Russian).
4. Улицкий В.М., Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин К.Г., Шашкин В.А. Основы совместных расчетов зданий и оснований. СПб.: Геореконструкция. 2014. 328 с.
4. Ulitsky V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G., Shashkin V.A. Monitoring of buildings and structures during construction and operation [Fundamentals of joint calculations of buildings and grounds]. Saint Petersburg: Georeconstruktciya. 2014. 328 p.
5. Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин К.Г., Богов С.Г., Шашкин В.А., Шашкин М.А. Мониторинг зданий и сооружений при строительстве и эксплуатации. СПб.: Геореконструкция, 2021. 640 с.
5. Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G., Bogov S.G., Shashkin V.A., Shashkin M.A. Monitoring of buildings and structures during construction and operation. Saint Petersburg: Georeconstruction. 2021. 640 p.
6. Шашкин А.Г., Шашкин В.А. Регламентация градостроительной деятельности в Санкт-Петербурге в XVIII–XIX вв. и ее технические следствия // Жилищное строительство. 2023. № 9. С. 86–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2023-9-86-101
6. Shashkin A.G., Shashkin V.A. Reglamentation of urban planning activities in St. Petersburg in the 18th–19th centuries and its technical consequences. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2023. No. 9, pp. 86–101. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2023-9-86-101
7. Семенцов С.В. Формирование принципов сохранения архитектурно-градостроительного наследия Санкт-Петербурга на основе закономерностей трехвекового градостроительного развития // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Искусствоведение. 2013. Вып. 2. С. 190–211.
7. Sementsov S.V. Formation of principles of preservation of architectural and urban heritage of St. Petersburg on the basis of patterns of three-century urban development. Vestnik of St. Petersburg University. Art history. 2013. Iss. 2, pp. 190–211. (In Russian).
8. Семенцов С.В. Градостроительная составляющая жилой функции Санкт-Петербурга и санкт-петербургской агломерации 1703–2006 гг. // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. История. 2007. Вып. 3. С. 63–70.
8. Sementsov S.V. The town-planning component of the residential function of St. Petersburg and the St. Petersburg agglomeration of 1703–2006. Vestnik of St. Petersburg University. Story. 2007. Iss. 3, pp. 63–70. (In Russian).
9. Polshin D.E. and Tokar R.A. Maximum allowable non-uniform settlement of structures. Proceedings 4th Int. Conference On Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Butterworth’s scientific: London. UK. 1957. Vol. 1, pp. 402–404.
10. Burland J.B., Broms B.B., De Mello V.F.B. Behaviour of foundations and structures. Ninth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo. Japan. 1977, pp. 495–546.
11. Skempton A. W. and McDonald D.H. The allowable settlements of buildings. Proceedings Institution of Civil Engineers. 1956. Part III. Vol. 5 (No. 50), pp. 727–768.
12. Bjerrum L. Allowable settlement of structures. Proceedings European conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering. Wiesbaden. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erd-und Grundbau e. V. 1963. 15–18 October. Vol. 3, pp. 135–137.
13. Бургиньоли А., Ямиолковский М., Виджиани К. Применение геотехники как компонента междисциплинарного подхода для сохранения исторических городов и памятников // Развитие городов и геотехническое строительство. 2010. № 1. С. 1–45.
13. Bourguignoli A., Yamiolkovsky M., Vigiani K. Application of geotechnics as a component of an interdisciplinary approach for the preservation of historical cities and monuments. Razvitie gorodov i geotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo. 2010. No. 1, pp. 1–45. (In Russian).
14. Шашкин А.Г., Васенин В.А. Вековые осадки зданий Санкт-Петербурга. СПб.: Геореконструкция, 2022. 440 с.
14. Shashkin A.G., Vasenin V.A. Vekovye osadki zdanii Sankt-Peterburga [Age-old precipitation of buildings in St. Petersburg]. Saint Petersburg: Georeconstruktciya. 2022. 440 p.
15. Шарлыгина К.А. Опыт реконструкции исторических жилых зданий Санкт-Петербурга. СПб.: Петрополис, 2019. 136 с.
15. Sharlygina K.A. Opyt rekonstruktsii istoricheskikh zhidykh zdanii Sankt-Peterburga [Experience of reconstruction of historical residential buildings of St. Petersburg]. Saint Petersburg: Petropolis. 2019. 136 p.
For citation: Shashkin V.A. Accumulated deformations of the historical development of St. Petersburg. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2023. No. 12, pp. 32–45. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2023-12-32-45